SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
On Introduction to Heat Treatment
1. Define the term 'heat treatment'.
2. Why are the steels heat treated?
3. What are the purposes of the processing heat treatments?
4. List the. various stages of a heat treatment process.
On Various Heat Treatment Processes
5. List some of the important heat treatment operations widely used.
6. What is meant by annealing? What are the purposes of it?
7. Define the following terms: (a) Full annealing, (b) Process annealing, (c) Stress relief annealing, (d) Recrystallisation annealing, and (e) Spheroidise annealing.
8. What is meant by normalising?
9. Differentiate between normalising and full annealing.
10. Distinguish between full annealing and process annealing.
11. What is quenching? List some of the quenching medium generally used in industries.
12. What are the factors should be considered while selecting a quenching medium?
13. What are the three stages of quenching?
14. Rate the order of effectiveness of the following quench media: oil, brine, water, and molten salt.
15. What does the term hardening refer? What are the factors affecting the hardness?
16. Distinguish the work hardening with the age hardening process.
17. What is tempering? What are the objectives of performing it?
18. What is the effect of:
(a) tempering temperature on the hardness of steels, and
(b) tempering time on the hardness of steels.
19. What do you mean by temper embrittlement?
20. What is martempering and austempering?
21. What is meant by hardenability? What are the factors affecting it?
22. What is the difference between hardness and hardenability?
23. What is the benefit of the Jominy end-quench test?
24. What are hardenability curves? What are the uses of them?
On TTT and CCT Diagrams
25. What is a TTT diagram?
26. What is the difference between TTT diagram and iron-carbon equilibrium diagram?
27. What is the significance of TTT diagram in the heat treatment of steel?
28. Why are TTT diagrams usually not applicable to industrial engineering practices?
29. What is a CCT diagram?
30. Dèfine the term critical cooling rate. What are the factors affecting it?
31. What is significance of the critical cooling rate?
On Case Hardening
32. What do you mean by the term case hardening?
33. List some of the surface-hardening techniques employed for altering surface chemistry.
34. What are the differences between surface hardening by diffusion methods and thermal methods?
35. Define the following surface-hardening processes:
(I) Carburising,
(b) Nitriding,
(c) Cyaniding, and
(d) Carbonitriding.
36. Differentiate between pack carburising and gas carburising.
37. In what ways, cyaniding differs from carburising?
38. What is meant by selective hardening technique?
39. What are some selective heating techniques employed for surface hardening?
40. In what ways, flame hardening differs from induction hardening?
ESSAY ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
On Introduction to Heat Treatment
1. (a) What is meant by heat treatment?
(b) Why is it an important manufacturing process?
(c) Explain the various stages of heat treatment procedure.
On Various Heat Treatment Processes
2. Compare and contrast the process of full annealing, process annealing, stress relief annealing, recrystallisation annealing, and spheroidise annealing.
3. (a) Describe the normalising process of heat treatment.
(b) Differentiate between normalising and full annealing.
4. (a) What do you understand by hardening of steel?
(b) Discuss the reason why martensite is very hard.
(c) Also discuss the various characteristics of martensite transformation.
5. (a) Explain briefly the theory of tempering of alloy steels in the Holzhitheat treatment process.
(b) What properties can be acquired by steel after tempering?
(c) Brief various tempering processes.
(d) What are the effects of tempering temperature on mechanical properties of steel?
6. Explain the process of martemperi. Compare and Contrast it with austempering process.
7. (a) Differentiate between hardness and hardenability.
(b) Outline the significance of hardenability.
(c) Explain the Jominy end-quench. method of determining hardenability.
(d) List the factors affecting hardenability.
(e) Discuss the uses of hardenability curves.
On TTT and CCT Diagrams
8. (a) What do you understand by isothermal transformation?
(b) What are TTT diagrams?
(c) How a TTT diagram is drawn?
(d) Draw a neat sketch of the TTT diagram for a eutectoid steel and label the regions. Mark the different products formed on this diagram.
9. (a) What is a CCT diagram?
(b) Describe various cooling curves on TTT diagrams. How such curves are drawn?
(c) Write short notes on critical cooling rate.
On Case Hardening (or Surface Heat Treatment)
10. Write short notes on the following surface heat treatment operations:
(a) Carburising,
(b) Nitriding,
(c) Cyaniding, and
(d) Carbonitriding.
11. What is meant by carburising of steels? Briefly explain the various types of carburising.
12. Explain the process of nitriding. List and discuss the advantages of nitriding over carburising.
13. Compare and contrast various surface heat treatment techniques.
14. (a) Describe the flame hardening process with the aid of neat ninis sketch.
(b) List its advantages, disadvantages, and applications of flame hardening.
15. (a) Outline the principle of high frequency induction hardening.
(b) Compare and contrast induction hardening with flame no hardening.
16. Certain defects can be expected following heat treatment processes. What are these defects? Explain the reasons of their development.
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