BE3255 BASIC CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - SYLLABUS

BE3255  BASIC CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

· To provide the students an illustration of the significance of the Civil and Mechanical

Engineering Profession in satisfying the societal needs.

· To help students acquire knowledge in the basics of surveying and the materials used for

construction.

· To provide an insight to the essentials of components of a building and the infrastructure

facilities.

· To explain the component of power plant units and detailed explanation to IC engines their

working principles.

·To explain the Refrigeration & Air-conditioning system.

UNIT I PART A: OVERVIEW OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 5

Civil Engineering contributions to the welfare of Society - Specialized sub disciplines in Civil Engineering – Structural, Construction, Geotechnical, Environmental, Transportation and Water Resources Engineering – National building code – terminologists: Plinth area, Carpet area, Floor area, Buildup area, Floor space index - Types of buildings: Residential buildings, Industrial buildings.

UNIT I PART B: OVERVIEW OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 4

Overview of Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering Contributions to the welfare of Society –Specialized sub disciplines in Mechanical Engineering – Manufacturing, Automation, Automobile and Energy Engineering - Interdisciplinary concepts in Mechanical Engineering.

UNIT II SURVEYING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS 9

Surveying: Objects – Classification – Principles – Measurements of Distances and angles – Leveling – Determination of areas– Contours.

Civil Engineering Materials: Bricks – Stones – Sand – Cement – Concrete – Steel - Timber - Modern Materials, Thermal and Acoustic Insulating Materials, Decorative Panels, Water Proofing Materials. Modern uses of Gypsum, Pre-fabricated Building component (brief discussion only)

UNIT III BUILDING COMPONENTS AND INFRASTRUCTURE 9

Building plans – Setting out of a Building - Foundations: Types of foundations - Bearing capacity and settlement – Brick masonry – Stone Masonry – Beams – Columns – Lintels – Roofing – Flooring – Plastering.
Types of Bridges and Dams – Water Supply Network - Rain Water Harvesting – Solid Waste Management - Introduction to Highways and Railways - Introduction to Green Buildings.

UNIT IV INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES AND POWER PLANTS 9

Classification of Power Plants- Working principle of steam, Gas, Diesel, Hydro -electric and Nuclear Power plants- Internal combustion engines as automobile power plant – Working principle of Petrol and Diesel Engines – Four stroke and two stroke cycles – Comparison of four stroke and two stroke engines. Working principle of Boilers-Turbines, Reciprocating Pumps (single acting and double acting) and Centrifugal Pumps, Concept of hybrid engines. Industrial safety practices and protective devices

UNIT V REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM 9

Terminology of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. Principle of vapour compression and absorption system–Layout of typical domestic refrigerator–Window and Split type room Air conditioner. Properties of air - water mixture, concepts of psychometric and its process.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

COURSE OUTCOMES:

CO1: Understanding profession of Civil and Mechanical engineering.

CO2: Summarise the planning of building, infrastructure and working of Machineries.

CO3: Apply the knowledge gained in respective discipline

CO4: Illustrate the ideas of Civil and Mechanical Engineering applications.

CO5: Appraise the material, Structures, machines and energy.


TEXT BOOKS:

1. G Shanmugam, M S Palanichamy, Basic Civil and Mechanical Engineering, McGraw Hill

Education; First edition, 2018

REFERENCES:

1. Palanikumar, K. Basic Mechanical Engineering, ARS Publications, 2018.

2. Ramamrutham S., “Basic Civil Engineering”, Dhanpat Rai Publishing Co.(P) Ltd, 2013.

3. Seetharaman S., “Basic Civil Engineering”, Anuradha Agencies, 2005.

4. Shantha Kumar SRJ., “Basic Mechanical Engineering”, Hi-tech Publications, Mayiladuthurai

Batteries in Series or Parallel for Power Applications?

Batteries in series connection adds voltage.

Batteries in series connection adds voltage.

Batteries in parallel connection adds current capacity and Amp Hr capacity

Combination series and parallel adds both voltage and current an Amp hr capacity to what ever is desired.

Batteries should be the same type, age, state of charge, capacity in current and voltage for best results and longevity.

What if I eat 4 eggs daily?

Eggs are a breakfast classic and a versatile ingredient found in kitchens worldwide. While they're a rich source of protein and essential nutrients, the question arises: is it healthy to consume four eggs a day? Let's explore the nutritional aspects and considerations associated with including this egg-centric quantity in your daily diet.

1. Nutritional Breakdown:

- Protein: Eggs are renowned for their high-quality protein content. Four eggs provide approximately 24 grams of protein, supporting muscle health and satiety.

- Vitamins and Minerals: Eggs are a good source of essential nutrients, including vitamin B12, vitamin D, and selenium. They also contain iron, phosphorus, and zinc.

2. Cholesterol Concerns:

- Eggs do contain cholesterol, primarily in the yolk. While dietary cholesterol was once a major concern, current research suggests that the cholesterol in eggs has a minimal impact on blood cholesterol levels for most people.

3. Heart Health:

- Moderate egg consumption is generally considered heart-healthy. The presence of nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants can contribute positively to cardiovascular well-being.

4. Weight Management:

- Eggs are a nutrient-dense food, meaning they offer a high nutritional value relative to their calorie content. Including eggs in your diet can contribute to feelings of fullness and may assist in weight management.

5. Considerations for Special Diets:

- High Cholesterol Concerns: Individuals with specific health conditions, such as diabetes or heart disease, may need to monitor their cholesterol intake. Consulting with a healthcare professional or a registered dietitian can provide personalized advice.

- Allergies and Sensitivities: Some people may be allergic to eggs or have sensitivities. It's essential to be mindful of any adverse reactions and seek alternatives if needed.

6. Preparation Methods Matter:

- The health impact of eggs can be influenced by how they are prepared. Opting for boiled, poached, or baked eggs is generally considered healthier than fried versions.

7. Balance and Variety:

- While eggs offer numerous nutritional benefits, it's crucial to maintain a balanced and varied diet. Including a mix of proteins from different sources ensures a broader spectrum of nutrients.

8. Expert Opinions:

- Nutrition recommendations can vary based on individual health conditions. Seeking advice from healthcare professionals or nutrition experts can provide guidance tailored to specific needs.

Consuming four eggs a day can be part of a healthy diet for many individuals. They offer a powerhouse of nutrients and can be a valuable addition to various meals. However, as with any dietary choice, moderation and consideration of individual health circumstances are key. If you have specific health concerns or dietary restrictions, consulting with a healthcare professional or a registered dietitian can help create a nutrition plan that aligns with your unique needs and goals.

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How does an AC motor work?

An AC (alternating current) motor is a type of electric motor that operates on alternating current. AC motors are widely used in various applications, from industrial machinery to household appliances. They work by converting electrical energy into mechanical energy, thereby creating rotational motion.

There are several types of AC motors, but one common type is the "synchronous" and "asynchronous" motors. Let's focus on the asynchronous motor, also known as the induction motor, which is the most commonly used type.

Here's a simplified explanation of how an asynchronous AC motor works:

• Stator: The stationary part of the motor is called the stator. It consists of a set of coils arranged in a circular pattern. These coils are connected to an AC power supply.
• Rotor: Inside the stator, there is a rotor, which is the moving part of the motor. The rotor can be either a cage rotor or a wound rotor, depending on the design of the motor.
• Principle of Induction: When AC voltage is applied to the stator coils, it creates a rotating magnetic field. This rotating magnetic field induces a voltage in the rotor due to the principle of electromagnetic induction.

• Induced Current: The induced voltage in the rotor windings causes an electric current to flow. This current generates its own magnetic field.
• Interaction of Magnetic Fields: The magnetic field of the rotor interacts with the rotating magnetic field of the stator. This interaction creates a torque that tries to align the rotor's magnetic field with the rotating stator field.
• Rotation: As the rotor tries to catch up with the rotating stator field, it begins to rotate. However, due to the design of the motor, the rotor can never quite catch up to the speed of the rotating stator field. This difference in speed between the rotor and the stator field is called "slip."
• Output Motion: The rotational motion of the rotor is then transferred to a mechanical load, such as a fan, a conveyor belt, or a pump. The motor's design and construction ensure that this rotational motion is continuous and efficient.

It's important to note that AC motors are versatile and can be designed to provide various levels of power and efficiency. They are commonly used in situations where a constant speed is required. They are also relatively simple, durable, and cost-effective, which makes them suitable for a wide range of applications.

What is something electrical engineers know that others don't?

A fallen power transmission line is extremely dangerous

Whenever we encounter a fallen power transmission line or live wire, there is a tendency to approach it. Some people mistakenly believe that it poses no harm as long as they don't touch the wire, but this assumption is incorrect. It is always better to maintain a distance of 8m to 10m from a fallen power line because even though you are not physically touching it, a fallen power line can still electrocute you.

When a fault or accident occurs in a high-voltage system and if the overhead transmission line makes contact with the ground, it can create a voltage gradient in the ground in the form of ripples. As shown below :-

If a person's feet are at different points along this gradient, a potential difference can exist between their feet. This potential difference can result in a current flowing through the person's body, potentially leading to electric shock and death of a person. This phenomenon is called as Step Potential

To avoid electric shock when encountering a fallen transmission line, maintain a distance of 6 to 8 meters from the power line. Alternatively, keep your feet as close together as possible to prevent the creation of a potential difference between them.

Never touch or go near an electrical fence:-

If a person comes into contact with a conductive object (such as a fence or equipment) that is at a different potential due to a ground fault, there is a potential for electric shock as shown in the above image. This is called as touch potential. Touch potential is concerned with the voltage difference between the point of contact and the ground at a different potential. It may cause severe damage to Your body.

Both Step & Touch potentials are Potential Hazards for the human body.