Defects in sand castings

Because of some reasons, castings may have some defects. The defects in a casting may arise due to the defects in one or more of the followings:

1. Design of casting and pattern

2. Moulding and design of mould and core

3. Metal composition

4. Melting and pouring

5. Gating and riser design.

These defects may be reduced by a proper control of manufacturing cycle and proper foundry techniques. The following defects are most commonly encountered in the sand mould castings: